ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess regional and national mortality and years of life lost (YLL) related to adverse drug events in Brazil. METHODS This is an ecological study in which death records from 2009 to 2018 from the Mortality Information System were analyzed. Codes from the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) that indicated drugs as the cause of death were identified. The number of deaths and the YLL due to adverse drug events were obtained. Crude, age- and gender-specific, and age-adjusted mortality rates and YLL rates per 100,000 inhabitants were formed by year, age group, gender, and Brazilian Federative Unit. Rate ratios were calculated by comparing rates from 2009 to 2018. A joinpoint regression model was applied for temporal analysis. RESULTS For the selected ICD-10 codes, a total of 95,231 deaths and 2,843,413 YLL were recorded. Mortality rates from adverse drug events increased by a mean of 2.5% per year, and YLL rates increased by 3.7%. Increases in rates were observed in almost all age groups for both genders. Variations in rates were found between Federative Units, with the highest age-adjusted mortality and YLL rates occurring in the Distrito Federal. CONCLUSIONS The numbers and rates of deaths and YLL increased during the study period, and variations in rates of deaths and YLL were observed between Brazilian Federative Units. Information on multiple causes of death from death certificates can be useful for quantifying adverse drug events and analyzing them geographically, by age and by gender.

Abstract Background: Simulated clinical experiences, also known as simulated clinical practices or simulation, are dynamic and challenging training activities that occur in a controlled environment using scenarios that recreate real-life clinical practice. Objective: To examine nursing students’ satisfaction with simulated clinical experiences. Methodology: This quantitative descriptive-correlational study was conducted with 223 nursing students, using the Escala de Satisfação com as Experiências Clínicas Simuladas (ESECS; Satisfaction with Simulated Clinical Experiences Scale), which includes the Practical, Cognitive, and Realism dimensions. Results: The total mean of global satisfaction with the simulated clinical experiences was 7.501 on a scale of 1 to 10. The socio-demographic characteristics and course year and contents were not predictors of satisfaction. On average, students were more satisfied with the Cognitive dimension and less satisfied with the Realism dimension. Conclusion: Students are satisfied with simulated clinical experiences and understand their importance for acquiring skills and improving their ability to respond during clinical teachings in real-life contexts. For this reason, the theoretical, scientific, and practical investment in this teaching strategy is highly relevant.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las prácticas clínicas simuladas, denominadas experiencias clínicas simuladas o simulación, son un proceso de formación dinámico y desafiante que tiene lugar en un entorno controlado y que utiliza escenarios que recrean la realidad clínica. Objetivo: Estudiar la satisfacción de los estudiantes de enfermería con las prácticas clínicas simuladas. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional con enfoque cuantitativo, con una muestra de 223 estudiantes de enfermería. Se aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción con las Experiencias Clínicas Simuladas (ESECS), que consta de las siguientes dimensiones: práctica, cognitiva y realismo. Resultados: La satisfacción global media con las prácticas clínicas simuladas fue de 7,501 en una escala del 1 al 10. Las características sociodemográficas, el año de estudio y los contenidos no predijeron la satisfacción. De media, los estudiantes se mostraron más satisfechos en la dimensión cognitiva y menos satisfechos en la dimensión realismo. Conclusión: Los estudiantes se muestran satisfechos con las prácticas clínicas simuladas y son conscientes de su importancia para el aprendizaje, la adquisición de habilidades y una mayor capacidad de respuesta en la enseñanza clínica en un contexto real. Esto refuerza la pertinencia de la inversión teórica, científica y práctica en esta estrategia pedagógica.

Resumo Enquadramento: As práticas clínicas simuladas, designadas por experiências clínicas simuladas ou simulação, são um processo formativo dinâmico e desafiador que decorre em ambiente controlado com recurso a cenários que recriam a realidade clínica. Objetivo: Estudar a satisfação dos estudantes de enfermagem com as práticas clínicas simuladas. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo-correlacional de abordagem quantitativa, com uma amostra de 223 estudantes de enfermagem. Aplicada a Escala de Satisfação com as Experiências Clínicas Simuladas (ESECS), constituída pelas dimensões: prática, cognitiva e realismo. Resultados: A satisfação média global com as práticas clínicas simuladas, foi de 7,501 na escala de 1-10. As características sociodemográficas, ano curricular e conteúdos, não foram preditivos da satisfação. Os estudantes apresentam-se em média mais satisfeitos na dimensão cognitiva e menos satisfeitos na dimensão realismo. Conclusão: Os estudantes apresentam-se satisfeitos com as práticas clínicas simuladas percecionando a sua importância para a aprendizagem, na aquisição de competências e maior capacidade de resposta no ensino clínico em contexto real. Tal reforça a pertinência do investimento, teórico, científico e prático, nesta estratégia de ensino.

Resumo A síndrome de quebras de Nijmegen (NBS) é uma doença genética rara que ocorre devido à presença de variantes patogénicas no gene NBN, herdado de forma autossómica recessiva. Esta condição leva à reparação inadequada do DNA e caracteriza-se por imunodeficiência com infeções pulmonares recorrentes, hipersensibilidade à radiação e predisposição para neoplasias, particularmente de origem linfoide. As características fenotípicas principais são a microcefalia grave, que influencia o fenótipo facial, com andar médio da face proeminente e retrognatismo. A perturbação ligeira a moderada do desenvolvimento é frequente e os doentes do sexo feminino geralmente desenvolvem insuficiência ovárica primária. O diagnóstico requer um elevado índice de suspeição e pode ser confirmado por análise genética. São apresentados dois casos de síndrome de quebras de Nijmegen seguidos num hospital terciário.

Abstract Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the NBN gene, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The condition results in inadequate DNA repair and is characterized by immunodeficiency with recurrent sinopulmonary infections, increased radiosensitivity, and predisposition to malignancy, particularly of lymphoid origin. The main clinical feature is progressive and severe microcephaly, which affects the facial phenotype, characterized by prominent midface, sloping forehead, and retrognathia. Mild to moderate intellectual impairment is often present and female patients usually develop primary ovarian failure. The diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and is confirmed by molecular genetic testing. Herein are presented two cases of Nijmegen breakage syndrome followed in a tertiary center.

ABSTRACT The tropical forest is extremely exploited and fragmented, making it essential to collect native seeds to meet the growing demand for its restoration and maintenance of biodiversity. Thus, the objective is to select potential forest fragments with a higher degree of conservation for seed harvesting, through the use and association of landscape ecology with fuzzy logic. The study was carried out in the watershed of the Itapemirim river. The stages of selection and photointerpretation of the images were carried out; error determination; application of landscape ecology metric indices; application of fuzzy logic in a computational application and validation of the methodology in loco. 7,515 forest fragments were determined, corresponding to 19.21% of the study area, with 89.53% of hits. Fragments smaller than 5 ha are the most fragile and are at risk of extinction, while those larger than 300 ha have a lower risk of extinction, even with the increase in the edge. With the application of fuzzy logic, the mean was between 0.15, standard deviation of 0.24 and the coefficient of variation at 161.73%. Scenario 1 (FLONA of Pacotuba), has 10.25% of families, 25.92% of genera and 33.62% of species more than Scenario 2 (PEAMA Ifes Campus of Alegre), among the identified individuals. The association of landscape ecology techniques and fuzzy logic made it possible to identify fragments with a higher degree of conservation, with potential for harvesting forest seeds.

RESUMO A floresta tropical é extremamente explorada e fragmentada, sendo imprescindível a coleta de sementes nativas, a fim de atender a crescente demanda para sua restauração e manutenção da biodiversidade. Dessa forma, objetiva-se selecionar fragmentos florestais potenciais com maior grau de conservação para a colheita de sementes, via utilização e associação da ecologia da paisagem à lógica Fuzzy. O estudo foi realizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim. Foram realizadas as etapas de seleção e fotointerpretação das imagens; determinação do erro; aplicação dos índices métricos de ecologia da paisagem; aplicação da lógica Fuzzy em aplicativo computacional e validação da metodologia in loco. Foram determinados 7.515 fragmentos florestais, correspondendo a 19,21% da área de estudo, com 89,53% de acertos. Os fragmentos menores que 5 ha são os mais frágeis e possuem risco de extinção, enquanto os maiores que 300 ha possuem menor risco de extinção, mesmo com o aumento da borda. Com a aplicação da lógica Fuzzy, a média ficou entre 0,15, desvio padrão de 0,24 e o coeficiente de variação em 161,73 %. O Cenário 1 (FLONA de Pacotuba) possui 10,25% de famílias, 25,92 % de gêneros e 33,62% de espécies a mais que o Cenário 2 (PEAMA Ifes Campus de Alegre), entre os indivíduos identificados. A associação das técnicas de ecologia da paisagem e lógica Fuzzy possibilitou identificar os fragmentos em maior grau de conservação, com potencial para colheita de sementes florestais.

Abstract Objectives: Evaluation of the repeatability of occlusal registration performed with the T-scan in the same individual on two different days. Methods: A calibrated operator performed 46 measurements on 23 volunteers, with a time interval of seven days using the T-scan (v.9). Maximum intercuspation and maximum force values were assessed by tooth and individual. The repeatability of the device was determined by the mean of the intraclass correlation coefficient. The results were presented as mean +/- 95% confidence interval, and the data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Significant differences were found in teeth 12 and 11 in maximum force and teeth 13, 12, and 11 in maximum intercuspation (p<0.05). The two measurements performed showed a high intraclass correlation coefficient value, both for maximum intercuspation and for maximum force (99.5% [99.4, 99.6] and 97.9% [97.5, 98.2]), respectively. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that the T-scan can be considered a complementary means for occlusal diagnosis and that these measurements show high intra-individual repeatability over time.

Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar a repetibilidade intra-indivíduo do registo oclusal realizado com o T-scan em dois momentos temporais. Métodos: Foram avaliados 23 voluntários com 46 medições com o T-scan (v.9) por um operador calibrado, com um intervalo de tempo de sete dias. Avaliaram-se os valores em intercuspidação e força máxima total e por dente, em cada indivíduo. A repetibilidade do aparelho foi determinada através do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse. Os resultados foram apresentados como média +/- intervalo de confiança a 95% e a sua análise realizada com recurso ao software SPSS. Resultados: Foram detetadas diferenças significativas entre medições nos dentes 12 e 11 em forç,a máxima de mordida e 13, 12 e 11 em intercuspidação máxima entre a primeira e segunda avaliações (p<0,05). Os dois momentos temporais apresentaram um coeficiente de correlação intraclasse elevado tanto para a intercuspidação máxima como para a força máxima de mordida, com valores de 99,5% [99,4; 99,6] e 97,9% [97,5; 98,2], respetivamente. Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos neste estudo sugerem que o T-scan poderá ser considerado um meio complementar de diagnóstico oclusal e que as medições apresentam uma elevada repetibilidade intra-indivíduo.

ABSTRACT The diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection has become more common and represents a major cause of kidney graft loss. The ideal treatment remains unknown, with little evidence supporting the use of a specific therapy. The definition of antibody-mediated rejection is based on serologic (presence and/or development of donor-specific antibodies) and histologic (evidence of acute tissue injury with C4d deposition or other signs of antibody interaction with the vascular endothelium) criteria. Antibody-mediated rejection without donor‐specific antibodies is a subcategory with a defying diagnosis. This particularly entity is increasingly being reported as an important cause of allograft dysfunction in kidney transplantation. We describe the case of a kidney transplant recipient with a low immunological risk and delayed graft function due to an antibody-mediated rejection with negative donor-specific antibodies.

Abstract Introduction: Acute pharyngitis is a common diagnosis in primary care. Although viruses are the most common aetiology, antibiotic therapy is frequently prescribed. The inappropriate antibiotic prescription should be avoided to prevent antibiotic resistance. Many national and international guidelines recommend testing for group A streptococcus (GAS) before antibiotic treatment when clinical presentation suggests GAS infection. Aim: This study aims to describe the feasibility of the implementation of the rapid antigen detection test (RADT) in a primary care setting and its impact on antibiotic prescription. Secondary goals include the evaluation of possible associations between symptoms and RADT results. Methods: From October 2019 to March 2020, patients presenting with acute pharyngitis at USF do Parque were eligible. A questionnaire was applied to divide the individuals into four different groups (clearly viral, probably viral, diagnostic doubt, and probably bacterial), and to assess the previous intention to prescribe antibiotics. We applied 136 questionnaires and performed 133 RADT. Nursing staff classified the specimen collection process and result from interpretation according to its difficulty. The proportion of antibiotics avoided was estimated as the number of times physicians changed their intended antibiotic prescription following a negative RADT result. Results: Among the tests performed, 97.7% were easy to interpret. Without RADT, 45 patients were going to be prescribed an antibiotic. After the test result, 27 antibiotic prescriptions were avoided. Tonsil hypertrophy, palatal petechiae, and fever increased the odds of a positive RADT result. Cough was associated with a negative RADT result. Conclusions: This study showed that RADT is easy to implement and contributed to appropriate antibiotic prescription. Tonsil hypertrophy, palatal petechiae, and fever were significantly associated with a positive RADT result, and cough was associated with a negative RADT result. Primary care centers would benefit from having RADT available when there is a strong suspicion or doubt of bacterial pharyngitis.

Resumo Introdução: A amigdalite aguda é um diagnóstico comum nos cuidados de saúde primários (CSP). Embora a etiologia viral seja a mais comum, antibióticos são frequentemente prescritos. A prescrição inadequada de antibióticos deve ser evitada para prevenir a resistência antimicrobiana. Diversas guidelines recomendam a realização de testes para deteção do Streptococcus do grupo A (GAS) quando a apresentação clínica sugeere infeção por GAS. Objetivos: Descrever a viabilidade da implementação do teste de diagnóstico antigénico rápido (TDAR) numa unidade de CSP, o seu impacto na prescrição de antibióticos e a avaliação de associações entre sintomas e resultados do TDAR. Métodos: Entre outubro de 2019 e março de 2020 foram elegíveis doentes com amigdalite aguda na USF do Parque. Foi aplicado um questionário para dividir os indivíduos em quatro grupos (claramente viral, provavelmente viral, dúvida diagnóstica e provavelmente bacteriano) e avaliar a intenção prévia de prescrever antibióticos. Foram aplicados 136 questionários e realizados 133 TDAR. A equipa de enfermagem classificou o processo de colheita e interpretação dos resultados conforme a sua dificuldade. A proporção de antibióticos evitados foi estimada como a quantidade de vezes que os médicos mudaram a intenção de prescrever antibióticos após um resultado negativo no TDAR. Resultados: 97,7% dos TDAR foram de fácil interpretação. Sem a realização dos TDARs, teriam sido prescritos 45 antibióticos. Após o teste, 27 antibióticos foram evitados. A hipertrofia tonsilar, as petéquias do palato e a febre aumentaram a probabilidade de um resultado positivo. A tosse foi associada a um resultado negativo. Conclusão: O TDAR é de fácil implementação e contribuiu para a prescrição adequada de antibióticos. Hipertrofia amigdalina, petéquias do palato e febre foram significativamente associadas a um resultado positivo e a tosse foi associada a um resultado negativo. Os CSP beneficiariam de ter TDARs disponíveis aquando de forte suspeita ou dúvida de amigdalite bacteriana.

Abstract Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disease associated with vitamin B12 absorption deficit. In addition of macrocytic anemia, it can cause neurological and gastrointestinal changes. Male, 76 years old, with memory loss, asthenia, dizziness, dyspnea and feeling of malaise. The analytical study carried out showed macrocytic anemia, with hemoglobin of 7.4 g/dL. The patient was referred to the emergency department, where the analytic study revealed vitamin B12 deficit, positive anti-intrinsic factor antibodies and positive anti-parietal cell antibody, confirming the diagnosis of pernicious anemia. There, he was given two units of red blood cells and he had hospital discharge medicated with intramuscular vitamin B12. After the diagnosis, the patient’s clinical history was reviewed and showed that there were complaints about memory alterations and increase of the mean of globular volume since 2015. Due to the insidious symptoms, this pathology can be underdiagnosed. This case intends to stress the importance of valuing clinical and analytical alterations, even if subtle.

Resumo A anemia perniciosa é uma doença autoimune que cursa com défice de absorção de vitamina B 12. Para além da anemia macrocítica, pode causar alterações neurológicas e gastrointestinais. Homem, 76 anos, com quadro de esquecimentos frequentes, astenia, tonturas, dispneia e sensação de mal-estar. Realizou estudo analítico que demonstrou anemia macrocítica, com hemoglobina de 7,4 g/dL. Foi referenciado ao serviço de urgência, onde repetiu estudo que revelou défice de vitamina B 12, com anticorpo anti-fator intrínseco e anticorpo anti-células parietais do estômago positivos, sendo confirmado o diagnóstico de anemia perniciosa. Realizou duas unidades de glóbulos vermelhos e teve alta medicado com vitamina B 12 intramuscular. Após o diagnóstico foram revistos os antecedentes do utente e verificaram-se queixas de alteração da memória e aumento do volume globular médio desde 2015. Pelos sintomas insidiosos, esta patologia pode ser subdiagnosticada. Este caso pretende relembrar a importância de valorizar alterações clínicas e analíticas, mesmo que subtis.

Abstract Objective: To assess the predictive value of selected growth phenotypes for neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants < 30 weeks and to compare them with INTERGROWTH-21st (IG21). Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) database for very low birth weight (VLBW) at 20 public tertiary-care university hospitals. Outcome: the composite neonatal morbidity and mortality (CNMM) consisted of in-hospital death, oxygen use at 36 weeks, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, and Bell stage 2 or 3 necrotizing enterocolitis. Selected growth phenotypes: small-for-gestational-age (SGA) defined as being < 3rd (SGA3) or 10th (SGA10) percentiles of BW, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) as being > 97th percentile of BW. Stunting as being < 3rd percentile of the length and wasting as being < 3rd percentile of BMI. Single and multiple log-binomial regression models were fitted to estimate the relative risks of CNMM, comparing them to IG21. Results: 4,072 infants were included. The adjusted relative risks of CNMM associated with selected growth phenotypes were (BNRN/IG21): 1.45 (0.92–2.31)/1.60 (1.27–2.02) for SGA; 0.90 (0.55–1.47)/1.05 (0.55–1.99) for LGA; 1.65 (1.08–2.51)/1.58 (1.28–1.96) for stunting; and 1.48 (1.02–2.17) for wasting. Agreement between the two references was variable. The growth phenotypes had good specificity (>95%) and positive predictive value (70-90%), with poor sensitivity and low negative predictive value. Conclusion: The BNRN phenotypes at birth differed markedly from the IG21 standard and showed poor accuracy in predicting adverse neonatal outcomes.

ABSTRACT Apparent calcium (Ca) retention and digestibility coefficients are affected by limestone particle size in the diet of laying hens. This study aimed to determine the apparent retention and digestibility coefficients of Ca in limestone of different particle sizes in laying hens. The study comprised 288 Lohmann Brown laying hens (50 weeks of age; 1,964 ± 98 g) distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement [three Ca concentrations (10, 20, and 30 g kg–1) × two limestone particle sizes (480 and 1,978 µm)] with eight repetitions per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The experiment included five days for adaptation and five days for total excreta collection. All birds were slaughtered at the end of the ten days to collect the ileal contents. The total or ileal Ca content was plotted against the Ca of diets concentration using linear regression analysis. The regression line slope represented the apparent retention (CaR) and digestibility coefficients of Ca (CaD) in limestone. There was interaction between Ca concentration in the diet and limestone granulometry on CaD (p = 0.001) and CaR (p < 0.001). The CaD and CaR of fine- and coarse-grained limestone increased linearly with increasing Ca concentrations in the diet. The apparent digestibility coefficients estimated for laying hens fed with fine-grained and coarse-grained limestone were 0.72 and 0.35, respectively. The apparent retention coefficients estimated for laying hens fed fine-grained and coarse-grained limestone were 0.96 and 0.47, respectively.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effects of relocation time (RT; Experiment 1) and storage time after relocation (ST; Experiment 2) on microbial population, fermentative characteristics, and chemical composition of corn silage. In experiment 1, corn silage was stored for 30 d, subjected to different RT (0–60 h), and stored again for 30 d. Thirty experimental silos were used in a completely randomized design, with three replicates per treatment. In experiment 2, after 150 d of ensiling, silage was removed from a bunker silo, exposed to air for 9 h, relocated to experimental silos, and stored for periods ranging from 0 to 128 d. Twenty-eight experimental silos were used in a completely randomized design, with four replicates per treatment. Relocation time had no effect on fungi counts and concentrations of lactic and propionic acids in corn silage but resulted in a significant increase in dry matter content. In experiment 2, dry matter recovery and concentration of non-fiber carbohydrates decreased in corn silage stored for more than 32 d after relocation. Exposure of corn silage to air during relocation for up to 60 h followed by 30 d of storage did not compromise the fermentation profile or nutritive value of the silage. Increased storage time of relocated corn silage (up to 128 d) consistently decreases its nutritional value. The storage period seems to have an increased impact on nutrient loss in relocated silage than the relocation period.

Abstract Clay minerals are still widely used in pharmaceutical products for human health and cosmetic purposes. Pre-formulation studies were conducted to identify solid-state properties of pink clay, a sample from Diamantina, Brazil. Among the solid properties to be analyzed, we have selected type identification, iron phases, crystallinity, powder flow characteristics, thermal behavior, and non-isothermal phase transition kinetics. The pink clay is composed of (1:1) clay type and kaolinite as the main component. The Mössbauer spectrum of pink clay shows Fe3+(α-Fe2O3) hematite, Fe2+, and Fe3+ with large Δ/2ξq of about 2.80 and 2.69 mm.s-1 respectively, related to iron silicates, most likely pyroxene, and a superparamagnetic Fe3+. Pink clay exhibits poor flow properties. The thermal behavior indicates a phase-transition between 400 - 600 ºC associated with the dehydroxylation of the pink clay system requiring ~300 kJ mol-1, being constant until the process reaches a conversion of ~50% when the energy is enhanced to ~530 kJ mol-1, concluding the whole dehydroxylation process (α=80%). Solid-state properties and characteristics found for the pink clay must be considered for the proper design of formulations. This type of clay shows unique pharmaceutical properties that can be favorably exploited by the cosmetic industry.

ABSTRACT This systematic scoping review aimed to map and characterize the scientific production of researchers from Portuguese-speaking African institutions that align with the Food and Nutrition Security Strategy of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries. The literature search was conducted using six electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Virtual Health Library, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Scopus, and Web of Science), with no restrictions on the year of publication nor language. Through the search strategy, 10,061 records were identified, of which 502 documents and 654 researchers were selected by Food and Nutrition Security specialists along three axes: 1) Policy governance; 2) Access to food; 3) Availability of food. Institutional researchers from Mozambique (66.9%), Guinea-Bissau (15.9%), and Angola (11.4%) presented the most publications and international collaborations. Researchers from Cape Verde, Sao Tome and Principe, and Equatorial Guinea institutions added only 5.8% of the total production. A greater number of publications (61%) was related to axis two of the Food and Nutrition Security Strategy of the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries. The most studied themes were sustainable development, child malnutrition, and agricultural production for the first, second, and third axis, respectively. In general, scientific publications have shown limitations in their approaches due to the challenge imposed by the complexity of the food system. However, there has been a quantitative evolution in publications in the last decade, with a greater participation of researchers from Portuguese-speaking African institutions.

RESUMO Esta revisão sistemática de escopo teve como objetivo mapear e caracterizar a produção científica de pesquisadores de instituições africanas de língua portuguesa que se alinham com a Estratégia de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa. A busca das literaturas foi realizada em seis bases de dados eletrônicas (PubMed, EMBASE, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Scopus e Web of Science), sem restrição quanto ao ano de publicação e ao idioma. Por meio da estratégia de busca, foram identificados 10.061 registros, dos quais 502 documentos e 654 pesquisadores foram selecionados por especialistas em Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional em três eixos: 1) Governança de políticas; 2) Acesso à alimentação; 3) Disponibilidade de alimentos. Pesquisadores de intuições de Moçambique (66,9%), Guiné-Bissau (15,9%) e Angola (11,4%) foram os que apresentaram o maior número de publicações e colaborações internacionais. No entanto, os pesquisadores das instituições de Cabo Verde, São Tomé e Príncipe e Guiné Equatorial somaram apenas 5,8% da produção total. Foi observado maior número de publicações (61%) relacionadas com o eixo dois da Estratégia de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional da Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa. As temáticas mais estudadas foram desenvolvimento sustentável, desnutrição infantil e produção agrícola para o primeiro, segundo e terceiro eixo, respectivamente. De forma geral, as publicações científicas mostraram limitações em suas abordagens frente ao desafio imposto pela complexidade do sistema alimentar. Todavia, foi houve uma evolução quantitativa nas publicações na última década; além disso, maior participação de pesquisadores de instituições africanas de língua portuguesa pode ser vislumbrada.

Abstract Although investigations on the use of screens in childhood are increasing, this is a complex and recent topic, which poses several challenges for researchers and caregivers. Virtual communities in social networks are used by mothers and fathers to clarify doubts and receive advice regarding parenting and child health, at times, simultaneously, assuming a prescriptive and normative role on their way of acting. Therefore, this study aimed to understand how the use of screens in childhood has been approached by experts in groups of mothers and fathers on Facebook. A qualitative study was carried out involving 49 posts from specialists, mainly psychologists and educators, extracted from five public groups of mothers and fathers in this social network. The publications’ texts were verified via thematic analysis and discussed based on the psychoanalytical theoretical framework. The results showed that experts highlight the possible damage of the use of screens in childhood, in addition to providing guidance to parents on how to deal with the presence of digital technology in the daily lives of children and families. It was concluded that, although caregivers’ groups on Facebook are a tool for disseminating information about the use of screens in childhood, it is important not to naturalize the presence of specialists in these virtual spaces created by fathers and mothers, interposing in the horizontally interchanges that occur between the caregivers.

Resumen A pesar de las crecientes investigaciones sobre el uso de pantallas en la infancia, este es un tema complejo y aún reciente, que plantea varios desafíos para investigadores y cuidadores. Las comunidades virtuales en las redes sociales son utilizadas por madres y padres para aclarar dudas y recibir consejos sobre educación y salud infantil, pudiendo, al mismo tiempo, asumir un rol prescriptivo y normativo sobre su forma de actuar. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender cómo el uso de las pantallas en la infancia ha sido abordado por especialistas en grupos de madres y padres en Facebook. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo a partir de 49 publicaciones de especialistas, principalmente de psicólogos y educadores, extraídas de cinco grupos públicos de madres y padres en esta red social. Se realizó en los textos de las publicaciones un análisis temático y se utilizó el marco teórico psicoanalítico. Los resultados mostraron que los expertos destacan posibles daños que provoca el uso de pantallas en la infancia, además de orientar a los padres sobre cómo afrontar esta presencia de la tecnología digital en el día a día de los niños y sus familias. Se concluyó que, a pesar de que los grupos de cuidadores en Facebook son una herramienta de difusión de información sobre el uso de pantallas en la infancia, es importante no naturalizar la presencia de especialistas en estos espacios virtuales creados por padres y madres que se interpone entre los saberes e intercambios horizontales de los cuidadores.

Resumo Apesar das crescentes investigações sobre uso de telas na infância, essa é uma temática complexa e ainda recente, que traz diversos desafios para pesquisadores e cuidadores. Comunidades virtuais em redes sociais são utilizadas por mães e pais para esclarecer dúvidas e receber conselhos acerca da parentalidade e saúde infantil, podendo, simultaneamente, assumir uma função prescritiva e normativa quanto ao seu modo de agir. Sendo assim, este artigo pretende compreender como o uso de telas na infância vem sendo abordado por especialistas em grupos de mães e pais no Facebook. Foi realizado um estudo qualitativo envolvendo 49 postagens de especialistas, sobretudo psicólogos e educadores, extraídas de cinco grupos públicos de mães e pais nessa rede social. Os textos das publicações foram verificados por meio de análise temática e discutidos com base no referencial teórico psicanalítico. Os resultados mostraram que os especialistas destacam os possíveis prejuízos do uso de telas na infância, além de fornecer orientações aos pais sobre como lidar com sua presença no cotidiano das crianças e de suas famílias. Concluiu-se que apesar dos grupos de cuidadores no Facebook serem uma ferramenta de divulgação de informações acerca do uso de telas na infância, cabe não naturalizar a presença de especialistas nesses espaços virtuais criados por pais e mães, interpondo-se nos saberes e nas trocas horizontalizadas entre os cuidadores.